Bladder cancer originates in the bladder's tissues, a chamber in the lower belly that holds urine. Most bladder cancers originate in urothelial cells, which form the bladder's inner lining. Though relatively common, particularly among seniors, it is usually curable if caught early.
Early signs may include blood in the urine (which might be painless), frequent urges to urinate, pain while urinating, and one-sided lower back pain. Smoking is the primary risk factor, since dangerous chemicals from tobacco are processed by the kidneys and accumulate in the bladder, elevating the risk of cell harm.
Treatment approaches vary based on the cancer's stage and grade, and can include transurethral resection (TURBT), intravesical therapy, cystectomy (bladder removal), chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. Consistent follow-up is vital, as bladder cancer has a significant chance of returning.
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