Prostate Cancer

What is Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the prostate - a small, walnut-shaped gland in men that produces seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm. It is one of the most common types of cancer among men.

Signs and Symptoms

• Frequent urination
• Weak urine flow
• Blood in urine or semen
• Pelvic discomfort
• Erectile dysfunction
• Painful ejaculation

Cause and risk factors:

The exact cause of prostate cancer is not known, but risk factors include:

• The risk of developing prostate cancer increases significantly in men over the age of 50.
• Family history of prostate cancer & Obesity
• Exposure to certain chemicals
• African-American men have a higher risk and tend to develop more aggressive forms.
• High-fat diets and lack of physical activity may contribute.

Treatment options:

The choice of treatment depends on the stage of cancer, the patient’s overall health, and personal preferences. Common treatment options include:

• Active Surveillance: Monitoring the cancer closely without immediate treatment, often recommended for slow-growing or early-stage prostate cancer.
• Surgery (Prostatectomy): Removal of the prostate gland, typically used when the cancer is localized and hasn't spread beyond the prostate.
• Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays or particles are used to kill cancer cells. This can be external beam radiation or internal (brachytherapy).
• Hormone Therapy: Also called androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), this reduces levels of male hormones (androgens) to slow the growth of cancer.
• Chemotherapy: Uses powerful drugs to kill rapidly growing cancer cells. Often used when the cancer has spread outside the prostate.
• Immunotherapy: Boosts the body’s immune system to help fight cancer cells more effectively.
• Targeted Therapy: Focuses on specific genetic mutations or proteins that contribute to cancer growth, offering a more personalized treatment.

Our team of specialists at GEM Cancer Centre will guide you in choosing the most effective treatment plan for your individual needs.