This refers to several cancers that form in the mouth, throat, voice box (larynx), nasal area, sinuses, and salivary glands. These cancers often originate in squamous cells that line these areas and are often connected to lifestyle habits like tobacco use, alcohol intake, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Early detection is critical for successful treatment and recovery.
Symptoms of head and neck cancer differ based on the location but can include a lasting sore throat, swallowing difficulty, hoarseness, a lump in the neck, ear pain, or mouth sores that do not heal. Diagnosis usually includes a physical examination, imaging tests (CT, MRI, or PET scans), biopsy, and perhaps endoscopy to look at the affected area.
Treatment choices might include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted medications, or a combination of these. The method used depends on the specific cancer, its stage, and the patient's general health. Early-stage cancers might be cured with a single treatment, while advanced cases may need multiple treatments for good control.
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